Provide a varied leverage between the engine and the drive wheels provide means to transfer power in opposite direction. The driving axle consists of a housing, a differential, two axle shafts half axles, and final drives if required. Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied lengths. It consists of two bevel gears sun gear and two bevel gears planet gear. The main functions performed by the differential system are. Further reduces the rotations coming from the gear box before the same are passed on to the rear axles.
Describe the principles of the limited slip differential. Modern automotive technology technology chapter 61 differential and rear drive axle fundamentals. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro the open differential thats more or less the diagram of the inside of differential for a rear wheel drive car. However, parallel axes spur and helical gears are the main gears in automotive transmission. Functions, parts, woking, advantages, disadvantages, and applications pdf by mohammed shafi april 14, 2020 april 14, 2020 the. Although there is a separate branch of engineering known as automobile engineering, the paper is also studied in the branch of mechanical engineering, some part in aerospace. Identify the parts of the rear drive axle and front drive axle.
Sundaravalli we are pleased to bring out our fully revised new edition automobile engineering book for engineering and technology studies. Differential is an arrangement of gears which work together and allow the vehicle to take a turn smoothly. All of the systems listed above have been impacted by the introduction of electronics. Automobile differential system linkedin slideshare. Differential equations department of mathematics, hkust. When a vehicle turns into a curve or goes around even a slight bend the wheels on the outside have to travel a greater distance than the wheels that are tracking on the. They are attached directly to the end of the left and right output.
Rear universal jointa flex joint that connects the drive shaft to the differential yoke. The analysis was done using the modified lewis equation, hertzian contact. This is the reason for a device known as a limited slip differential or traction control. It turns the propeller shaft motion at right angle to drive the rear axle. In this paper, an open differential is designed for a leading automobile and analysed the ability to work without failure. Differential mechanical device simple english wikipedia. This article will explain differentials where the power, in most cars, makes its last stop before spinning the wheels. The differential is designed to drive a pair of wheels with equalforce, whilst allowing them to rotate at different speeds. The evolution of these electronics has been so rapid that a book automotive fundamentals. The final drive is composed of a bevel gear or pinion and crown wheel. In automobile and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows each of the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds, while supplying equal torque to each of them. Here you can download the free lecture notes of automobile engineering pdf notes ae notes pdf latest study materials with multiple file links to download.
The main aims of this paper are to design develop, fabricate, and testing vehicles or vehicle components from the concept stage to production stage. On a straight road the wheels rotate at the same speed. It is used to transmit the power from the driveshaft to the drive wheels. A differential is a gear train with three shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average.
The differential is a device that splits power between 2 wheels. This book covers the latest syllabus prescribed by anna university, chennai for mechanical, mechatronics, aeronautical, automobile students of all engineering colleges. Pdf the differential can be stated as a gear train used to control the speed and torque to the rear wheels. For convenience, part numbers have been included for all. Pdf automobile engineering books collection free download. It is used in almost all mechanized fourwheel vehicles. The part of the left is the differential part on right is a viscous coupling anyway, ill explain and you can look at the diagram. If youve read how car engines work, you understand how a cars power is generated. Pages in category automobile axles the following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public.
Learning objectives z identify the major parts of a rear drive axle assembly. Its main function is to allow the drive wheels to turn at different rpms allowing the wheels to go around corners while still receiving power from the. Here we present a simplified explanation of how and why an automobile differential works. Pdf analysis of differential crown gear and pinion for axle with. Recent developments in automotive differential design. Use this book to order parts for your dana spicer axle. Its main function is to allow the drive wheels to turn at different rpms allowing the wheels to go around corners while still receiving power from the engine. A differential system allows both the wheels to rotate at different speeds, whenever it is required if a rigid drive shaft is provided, then both. Enable speed reduction between engine and the drive wheels in. Understand basic service and repair of a differential. First order ordinary differential equations theorem 2. The percentage of speed that is removed from one wheel. Automotive systemsdifferential wikibooks, open books for.
Differential definition is of, relating to, or constituting a difference. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and power. The material of chapter 7 is adapted from the textbook nonlinear dynamics and chaos by steven. Keywords differential, etc, lsd, traction, differential system. Jun, 2012 differential can be used in rear or front axle or in both, depending on drive, 2 wheel front or rear drive or four wheel drive. Differential definition of differential by merriamwebster. In rearwheel drive cars, the differential converts rotational motion of the. How to use illustrated parts list ordering parts this parts book is organized in sections according to parts servicing requirements. Use of electronics in the automobile for most people, the automobile has come to be an appliance. Automobile engineering pdf notes ae notes pdf smartzworld. As a car drives straight, its wheels will travel the same distance and rotate at the same speed. Identify the parts of the rear drive axle and front. Automotive rear ends, differential housings, axles. This page was last edited on 9 september 2017, at 12.
Differential can be used in rear or front axle or in both, depending on drive, 2 wheel front or rear drive or four wheel drive. Race teams, auto repair shops, body shops, automotive restoration specialists, machinists and mechanics can rely on automotive rear ends, differential housings, hubs, replacement parts and accessories manufactured by mittler brotherstanner racing products. So the speed of the right sun gear automobile differential page 10 2. A front wheel drive car basically doesnt have a normal input shaft, but everything else is the same. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro the. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro. In automotive industry,the differential gear plays an important role in power transmission as well as in the handling of the automobile. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. It transmits torque through three different shafts. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and. Free differential equations books download ebooks online. Rear yokeholds the rear universal joint and transfers torque to the gears in the rear axle assembly. Use the contents or page headings and colored tabs to find information. Common rear differential problems and maintenance tips.
This book covers the latest syllabus prescribed by anna university, chennai for mechanical, mechatronics, aeronautical, automobile. The differential was first invented in china, in the third century, a. Pdf automotive differential dynamics marco barreto academia. The eaton posi limitedslip differential is the perfect way to control traction in street rods, light duty pickups and all types of tarmac running race cars. The total white blood cell count wbc and the wbc differential count are frequentlyused clinical tests. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
The differential is an important component of the driving axle. Typically, each gear mesh will have 1%2% loss in efficiency, so with three different meshes from the transmission shaft to each of the half shafts, the system will. Dynamics of vehicles with controlled limitedslip differential core. The crown wheel has another unit called the differential unit. Components of four wheeler automobile chassis and body power unit. The differential gear mechanism is located between the axle shafts of a vehicle and permits the same speed of wheel rotation when in straight. The differential is found on all modern cars and trucks, and also in many allwheeldrive fulltime fourwheeldrive vehicles. A car differential is placed halfway between the driving wheels, on either the front, rear, or both axes depending on whether its a front, rear, or 4wheeldrive car. Click on the image to open in a new window the left and right drive gears have teeth on their sides. Introduction a problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held stationary, the counterpart wheel turns at twice its normal speed as can be seen by examine the complete scheme of automobile differential. Jun 11, 2014 differential helps in turning the drive wheels at different rpm while the vehicle takes a turn.
The mechanism that transmits the power developed by the engine of automobile to the engine to the driving wheels is called the transmission system or power train. Differential pinion gears walk around slower side gear and cause other side gear to turn faster. Automotive systemsdifferential wikibooks, open books. Differential gear, in automotive mechanics, gear arrangement that permits power from the engine to be transmitted to a pair of driving wheels, dividing the force equally between them but permitting them to follow paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or traversing an uneven road.
Professor, 2me design 2 abstract a conventional differential that is nonlocked differential always supplies close to equal torque to each side. When cornering, the inner wheel needs to travel a shorterdistance than the outer wheel, so with no differential, the resultis the inner wheel spinning andor the outer wheel dragging. Differential helps in turning the drive wheels at different rpm while the vehicle takes a turn. When a car turns, the outside wheels will follow a longer path around the curve. Spur gear differential manual of driving and maintenance.
Understand the adjustment of the ring and pinion gears. The basic parts of a differential is introduced first. Differential equations i department of mathematics. Differential mechanical device 3 or gears, which are a cluster of four opposed bevel gears in perpendicular plane, so each bevel gear meshes with two neighbours, and rotates counter to the third, that it faces and does not mesh with. Many of the examples presented in these notes may be found in this book. Limited slip differential prevents excessive power from being allocated to one wheel, and thereby keeping both wheels in powered. A differential is a mechanical device made up of several gears. These allwheeldrive vehicles need a differential between each set of drive wheels, and they need one between the front and the back wheels as well, because the front wheels travel a different distance through a turn than the rear wheels. Provide means of connection and disconnection of engine with rest of power train without shock and smoothly. First order ordinary differential equations, applications and examples of first order ode s, linear differential equations, second order linear equations, applications of second order differential equations, higher order linear. These books are used by students of top universities, institutes and colleges. One of the most important things about a rear differential is how it operates around corners. Manufacturing of gears presents a demanding challenge for metallurgists in heat treatment, for supervisors in machining and gear cutting, and for quality engineers in keeping the quality to the required standards.
This project deals with the design and optimization of the differential gear box through use of composite material. In the differential, bevel pinion gear is fixed to the propeller shaft which rotates the crown wheel. It is composed of clutch the gear box propeller shaft universal joints rear axle wheel tyres. The eaton elocker is an electronic, selectable differential provides maximum traction on demand. Automotive rear ends, differential housings, racing replacement parts and accessories automotive rear ends, housings and parts manufacturer.
Automobile engineering standard books pdf free download. Unit 1 introduction to automobile introduction to automobile. Pdf on apr 22, 2007, nilton raposo and others published design of the differential unit for the 20062007 pace vehicle find, read and cite. Ae automobile engineering notes book starts with the topics covering introduction. Therefore, an automobile is a selfpropelled vehicle. Thus, because the two wheels are not driven with the same speed, a differential is necessary. Automobile engineering is a branch of vehicle engineering and mainly deals with the creation and assembling the whole parts of automobiles.
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